A skin biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of skin is excised for microscopic examination to diagnose skin conditions or diseases.
Types of skin biopsy procedures include, but not limited to:
The choice of biopsy type depends on your symptoms and the extent of skin involvement.
A skin biopsy is employed to diagnose or aid in treating various skin conditions and diseases such as:
Depending on the biopsy site, you may need to change into a gown. The area is then cleaned and marked for biopsy. A local anesthetic is administered via a thin needle to numb the area, which may cause a brief burning sensation. After ensuring the area is numb, your healthcare provider may check with a needle prick to confirm.
The skin biopsy procedure typically takes about 15 minutes, including preparation, tissue removal, wound closure or bandaging, and instructions for home care.
During a shave biopsy, a razor-like tool scrapes the tissue, potentially causing bleeding, which is managed with pressure and medication to stop it.
For a punch biopsy or excisional biopsy, a cutting tool removes deeper skin layers. Stitches may be required for wound closure, followed by bandaging to protect the area and control bleeding.
PRE-TREATMENT: Prior to the skin biopsy, inform your healthcare provider if you:
POST-TREATMENT: Your healthcare provider may advise keeping the bandage on the biopsy site until the following day. Bleeding at the site after leaving the clinic is more common for individuals taking blood-thinning medications. If bleeding persists, apply direct pressure for 20 minutes, check the site, and repeat if necessary. Contact your healthcare provider if bleeding continues.
All biopsies result in scars that typically fade over time. The permanent color of the scar is usually established within 1 to 2 years after the procedure.
Some people may develop a thick, raised scar known as a keloid, more common in individuals with brown or Black skin or when biopsies are performed on the neck, back, or chest. Avoid activities that stretch or bump the area to minimize bleeding or scar enlargement. Refrain from soaking in baths, pools, or hot tubs until cleared by your healthcare provider, usually after about seven days.
Healing may take several weeks, particularly for wounds on the legs and feet, which heal slower than those on other parts of the body.
Clean the biopsy site twice daily, except for scalp wounds, which should be cleaned once daily:
If the wound is sore, consult your healthcare provider about applying ice wrapped in a thin towel.
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